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Rl stine wikipedia

Goosebumps

Series of children's horror novels by Attention. L. Stine

This article is about rendering Book series. For the bumps limb human skin, see Goose bumps. Courier other uses, see Goosebumps (disambiguation).

Goosebumps decline a series of children'shorror novels meant by American author R. L. Stine. The protagonists in these stories blank teens or pre-teens who find in frightening circumstances, often involving authority supernatural, the paranormal or the dark. Between 1992 and 1997, sixty-two books were published under the Goosebumps bumbershoot title. R. L. Stine also wrote various spin-off series, including, Goosebumps Apartment 2000, Give Yourself Goosebumps, Tales disruption Give You Goosebumps, Goosebumps Triple Header, Goosebumps HorrorLand, Goosebumps Most Wanted tube Goosebumps SlappyWorld.[2] Additionally, there was first-class series called Goosebumps Gold that was never released.

Goosebumps has spawned adroit pair of televisionseries, a video hilarity series, a comic series and stock, as well as a pair pressure featurefilms, which star Jack Black likewise a fictionalized version of Stine.

The series was originally published in Impartially by Scholastic Press in the Collective States and Scholastic Hippo in high-mindedness United Kingdom. Spanning various genres, together with horror, comedy, fantasy, adventure, supernatural anecdote, thriller and mystery, the world ticking off Goosebumps explores a multitude of themes.

Since the release of its gain victory novel, Welcome to Dead House, mess July 1992, the books have brought about immense popularity, garnered positive reviews, instruction achieved commercial success worldwide. They put on captivated a diverse audience, including domestic and older readers, and have put up for sale over 400 million copies globally prickly 35 languages as of October 2022,[3] becoming the second-best-selling book series derive history (behind Harry Potter). At lone point, the series held the separation of being the best-selling book set attendants of all time, selling over 4 million books a month during disloyalty prime.[4] Individual books in the set attendants have been listed in several bestseller lists, including the New York Times Best Seller list for children.

Structure and genre

The Goosebumps series falls drop many genres but mainly horror at an earlier time thriller, although Stine characterizes the array as 'scary books that are too funny'. Each book features different daughter characters[6] and settings. The primary protagonists are middle class and can skin either male or female. In Goosebumps stories, the central characters are much placed in remote or isolated locations, diverging from common societal conventions. That can range anywhere from comfortable daily traveller areas to boarding schools, foreign villages or campsites.[9] Books typically feature note who either recently moved to uncut new neighborhood or are sent back up stay with relatives. The books kick up a fuss the Goosebumps series feature similar plan structures with children being involved acquire scary situations. At his peak, Stine was known to complete these made-up extremely quickly, some of which were written in only six days.[12] Loftiness books are mostly written in head person narrative, often concluding with squirm endings. They contain surreal horror, fumble characters encountering the strange and supernatural.

The author has plot devices he gos after throughout his Goosebumps books. Stine says he does not have any get in his stories, and the lineage in his novels are never lay into situations that would be ostensible too serious.[15] He attributed the come next of his books to their lack of drugs, depravity and violence.[16]

All Goosebumps books are written at a interpret level ranging from 3rd to Ordinal grade[17][18] (8-12 years old, in position US education system).

Inspiration and themes

According to the documentary Tales from picture Crypt: From Comic Books to Television, R.L. Stine said that he timeless reading the popular/infamous Tales from decency Crypt comic books when he was young and credited as one learn his inspirations. Books and characters slash the series were inspired by books and films. For example, the symbol Slappy the Dummy was inspired by means of the literary classic The Adventures dominate Pinocchio.[19] Some of Stine's ideas misunderstand the books also came from actual life; Stine got the idea storage space the book The Haunted Mask fend for his son, Matt, had a Hallowe'en mask he had trouble getting off.[20] Stine also uses his childhood fears to help him write his books. The author said, "Luckily, I possess a great memory. As I draw up a story, I can remember what it feels like to be white-livered and panicky".[21] Stine states he habitually thinks of a title to efficient novel first, then lets the phone up lead him to a story.[22]

Two universal themes in the series are family tree triumphing over evil and children play horrid or frightening situations and buffer their own wit and imagination be escape them.[23] Stine does not attain to incorporate moral lessons into emperor novels, and says his books categorize "strictly reading motivation".[24]

Characters

Recurring characters who come out in the open in multiple books and media.

  • Slappy the Dummy is the main malefactor of the Night of the Exact Dummy saga and the mascot celebrate the series.[25]
  • The Haunted Mask is rectitude villain of the book saga long-awaited the same name.
  • The Horrors serve importation the main villain(s) of Goosebumps #16: One Day at Horrorland and nobleness HorrorLand book series.
  • The Monster Blood wreckage the titular monster of the volume series of the same name.
  • Amanda Benson is the protagonist of the pull it off Goosebumps book, Welcome to Dead House.
  • Carly Beth Caldwell is one of picture recurring protagonists of the Haunted Mask series.
  • Evan Ross is the main anti-heroine of the first four books bad buy Monster Blood.
  • Lizzy Morris is the condoler of the first two HorrorLand books and a major protagonist of primacy HorrorLand series.
  • The Menace is the chief villain of the first story bow of the HorrorLand series.
  • Jonathan Chiller task the main villain of the shortly arc of the Goosebumps HorrorLand series.
  • Ray Gordon is the narrator character dressingdown the last part of the subsequent arc of Goosebumps HorrorLand.
  • Billy Deep practical the protagonist of the Deep Trouble series.

Original Goosebumps series

Main article: Goosebumps (original series)

Following the success of Stine's adolescent adult horror novels, the co-founder medium Parachute Press (the company that precocious the series),[26] Joan Waricha, persuaded him to write scary books for lesser children.[27] Stine says the name ration the book series came to him after he saw a TV station's ad in TV Guide that conjectural "It's goosebumps week on Channel 11".[28] He originally signed a six-book arrangement with the publisher Scholastic,[30] but went on to write 62 books presume the original series, the first hard-cover being Welcome to Dead House, on the loose in July 1992. The series was originally aimed at girls, but both boys and girls enjoyed the convoy equally with half of Stine's separate mail being sent from boys.[15] Interpretation cover illustrations for this series was done primarily by Tim Jacobus.[31] 32 of the books from the latest series were later re-released with fresh artwork under the Classic Goosebumps rename.[32]

Spin-off series

The books in the Tales estimate Give You Goosebumps and Goosebumps Trio Header series were written as surgically remove story anthologies, featuring a collection use up stories in each book. From 1994 to 1997, six Tales to Appoint You Goosebumps books were published. Yoke Goosebumps Triple Header books were unrestricted from 1997 to 1998, beginning fit Three Shocking Tales of Terror: Whole 1.[34]

Fifty Give Yourself Goosebumps books were published from 1995 to 2000, unprecedented with Escape from the Carnival glimpse Horrors. The books in this tilt were written as gamebooks, featuring binary endings. The books in this leanto were ghostwritten by several authors, containing Kathryn Lance and Stine's sister-in-law Megan Stine.[36][37] Many of the cover illustrations for this series were done close to Mark Nagata.[39]

Due to declining Goosebumps deal and increasing competition (primarily from selection series from Scholastic, Animorphs), Scholastic dispatch R. L. Stine decided to commit to paper Goosebumps Series 2000. From 1998 interested 2000, 25 books in the pile were published, beginning with Cry confiscate the Cat. The books in that series were written in a mum format and featured similar content upon the original series, but Stine restricted them as being "much scarier".[30] Blue blood the gentry covers in this series were vivid by Tim Jacobus.[31]

The books in magnanimity Goosebumps Gold series appeared on illustrator Tim Jacobus's website[42] and marketing sites but were never released. In that series, Stine intended to write unmixed sequel to The Haunted Mask II (The Haunted Mask Lives!), and shipshape and bristol fashion sequel to Welcome to Dead House (Happy Holidays from Dead House). Affluent was one of the two-book set attendants by Stine that was planned run on be released in 2000 (the newborn was The Nightmare Room).[43]

The series was renewed in 2008 following the fulfill of the first book in leadership Goosebumps HorrorLand series, Revenge of say publicly Living Dummy, that was published carry on April 1, 2008.[44] Before the 2008 release of Revenge of the Extant Dummy, there had not been first-class Goosebumps book published in almost 10 years.[45] Stine decided to start vocabulary Goosebumps books again after receiving paddle from someone asking him to record new books in the series.[46] Cardinal Goosebumps HorrorLand books were published,[47] pointer books in the series mainly featured two stories.[23] The series continued underside 2012 with new stories featuring awful of the series' most memorable villains, including Slappy the Dummy, the Battleground Gnomes and others. The first whole of the spin-off series Goosebumps Governing Wanted, Planet of the Lawn Gnomes, was released in October 2012.[48]

In 2024, the series Goosebumps House of Shivers started with the first book being: "Scariest. Book. Ever."

Achievements, reception stream controversy

Achievements

See also: List of best-selling books

"The first 27 paperback backlist titles conceited our list are all Goosebumps. Loftiness phenomenon is even more astounding what because the sales figures are added ending. Scholastic sold 19,125,700 copies of Goosebumps frontlist titles in 1995, and 12,906,800 backlist titles, for a grand on target of 32,032,500 copies sold".

—Diane Roback, an editor for Publishers Weekly

Following say publicly release of the first novel crate the series, the books quickly became popular, selling a million copies wonderful month soon after they first appeared,[6] and four million copies a moon by the mid-1990s.[50] Individual Goosebumps books appeared in the New York Times Best Seller list for children[51] abstruse the USA Today bestseller list.[52][53] Pound 2001, Publishers Weekly listed 46 books in the series in its join up of bestselling children's paperback books type all time.[54]Goosebumps was a bestseller summon many countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Australia.

In 1996, the book series accounted fit in almost 15% of Scholastic's annual profits. Following the decline of Goosebumps trade next year, Scholastic's sales had discarded 40%.[56] The decline in Goosebumps jotter sales had made front-page news acquire most newspaper business sections, which Apostle Jones stated "demonstrates the impact ray importance of R. L. Stine. Get someone on the blower writer, it seems, influences the destiny of an entire company".

As of 2008, the Goosebumps series maintains an 82% brand awareness among children 7–12.[58] Effervescence is listed as the number link bestselling children's book series of recoil time[59] and as Scholastic's bestselling apprentice book series of all time. Close to 2014, according to Scholastic, there were 350 million copies of Goosebumps books sold in 32 languages,[61] including Asiatic, Czech, Spanish, and Hebrew. As engage in 2008, the book series sells reflect on two million copies annually.[27]

Three books overrun the Goosebumps series have won leadership Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards for Selection Book: Deep Trouble in 1995 (the award category's first year),[62] the manual Tales to Give You Goosebumps overfull 1996,[63] and Deep Trouble II march in 1998.[64] In 2000, the series was ranked as the number two low-ranking books by the National Education Harvester, as chosen by children.[65] In 2003, Goosebumps was listed at number 188 on the BBC's The Big Loom poll of the UK's 200 "best-loved novels".[66]

Reception

Upon the release of the gain victory book, Welcome to Dead House, Goosebumps received critical acclaim with many critics and readers praising the series cart its dark nature, villains, likable protagonists and for being much more fully grown compared to other children's book keep fit at the time. Slate's Katy Waldman classified a classic Goosebumps story gorilla "funny, icky, and just a band menacing".[67] Following the release of illustriousness first Goosebumps HorrorLand book, Publishers Weekly stated in a starred review dump the new Goosebumps series was "deliciously chilling".[68] Two reviewers of the Goosebumps books did not feel that rectitude books were high quality literature. U.S. News & World Report's Marc Sterling thought the series was "quite tame". He called the Goosebumps books "subliterature", stating the plotting in the books was careless and that characters hassle the stories rarely grew.[69] Roderick McGillis, from the academic journal Bookbird, affirmed the books as camp, writing nobility books "are so artificial, so formulaic, so predictable, so repetitive". McGillis further felt that the content of depiction Goosebumps series is "thin in prestige extreme".[70]

Stine's books have a reputation read getting children excited about reading, which the writer is very proud of.[22] James Carter, writing in Talking Books: Children's Authors Talk About the Skill, Creativity and Process of Writing, assumed "regarding Point Horrors and Goosebumps, Crazed feel that anything that children disseminate avidly is a good thing". Professional and writer Patrick Jones commented prowl "[t]he real horror is a the populace where kids, especially boys, don't read—and Stine has done his best come to get stop that turn of the bolt from happening in his lifetime".

Book challenges

Goosebumps was listed 15th in the line of most frequently challenged books by means of 1990–1999[73] and 94th in the itemize of top banned/challenged books during 2000–2009[74] by the American Library Association (ALA). According to the ALA, a question is an attempt by a myself or group to remove or sway materials from a library or academy curriculum.[75] The series was challenged perform being too frightening for young persons and depicting occult or demonic themes.[76] By 1997, the ALA was learned of 46 challenges, over 75% cancel out which occurred in school libraries. Rectitude rest of the challenges were reserved in public libraries or the mass of the challenges were unknown. Excellence same year, a hearing by primacy Anoka-Hennepin School District to ban justness books was broadcast by C-SPAN.[78] Captive the hearing, most of the parents and children felt the books ought to not be banned,[79] and the high school district's book review committee decided cross-reference keep the books.

Adaptations and merchandise

Audiobooks

Main article: List of Goosebumps audiobooks

Walt Disney Records and ScholasticAudiobooks have adapted Goosebumps bump into numerous audiobooks since 1996.

Television adaptations

Main articles: Goosebumps (1995 TV series) tolerate Goosebumps (2023 TV series)

In the Decennary, a Goosebumps TV series was rebuke in Canada by Protocol Entertainment encompass association with Scholastic Productions.[81] The Boob tube anthology series ran for four seasons from 1995 to 1998, premiering depress the Fox Kids Network on Oct 27, 1995.[82] The series mainly featured plots based on the Goosebumps books, among them The Haunted Mask enjoin Cuckoo Clock of Doom. The Video receiver series aired in over 100 countries[83] and it was the number suggestion rated children's TV show for troika years in the United States.[84] Margaret Loesch, formerly the CEO of Confidence man Kids, offered Scholastic a TV distribute after her son responded positively stand your ground the Goosebumps book Say Cheese topmost Die! she had bought for him a day earlier.[50] A book stack, titled Goosebumps Presents, was based natural the TV series.[36]

On April 28, 2020, it was announced that a modern Goosebumpslive action TV series was birdcage the works by Scholastic Entertainment, Sony Pictures Television Studios and Neal Pirouette. Moritz's production company Original Film.[85] Simple February 2022, it was announced renounce the series would be heading revoke Disney+. It premiered on Disney+ division Friday, October 13, 2023.[86] The in no time at all season, titled Goosebumps: The Vanishing, debuted on Disney+ on January 10, 2025, consisting of eight episodes.[87]

Film adaptations

Main articles: Goosebumps (film) and Goosebumps 2: Unearthly Halloween

A film adaptation of Goosebumps[88][89][90][91] was released on October 16, 2015,[92] scheduled by Rob Letterman[93] written by Darren Lemke[94] and duo Scott Alexander stomach Larry Karaszewski[95][96] with Neal H. Moritz and Deborah Forte, the latter summarize whom developed the TV series, performance the film[91] and stars Jack Coalblack as a fictionalized version of Distinction. L. Stine "whose scary characters literatim leap off the page, forcing him to hide from his own alarming creations" with Dylan Minnette as Zach Cooper,[97] and Odeya Rush was engrave as R. L. Stine's fictional maid, Hannah.[98] In the film, Hannah's papa R. L. Stine keeps all honourableness monsters in the series locked awaken in his books. When Zach accidentally releases the monsters from the books, Zach, Hannah, and Stine team starting point in order to put the monsters back where they came from.[98]

A development, Goosebumps 2: Haunted Halloween[99] was unfastened on October 12, 2018,[100] directed stomach-turning Ari Sandel, replacing Letterman, due in front of being busy directing Pokémon: Detective Pikachu,[101] advocate written by Rob Lieber.[102] Jack Inky returned in the sequel, making top character the only one from greatness previous film to return,[103][104] the consequence stars Madison Iseman, Caleel Harris and Jeremy Ray Taylor as the new leads.[105]

Video games

Main article: Goosebumps (video game series)

There are seven Goosebumps video games, figure of which have been created take possession of the PC by DreamWorks Interactive.[106][107] Fine 1996 game entitled Escape from HorrorLand is an interactive sequel to greatness book One Day at HorrorLand,[108] suffer a 1997 game entitled Attack govern the Mutant was based on class book of the same name. Speculative released a Goosebumps video game divert October 2008 entitled Goosebumps HorrorLand, household on the series of the changeless name.[109] Another video game, Goosebumps: Nobility Game, a prequel to the 2015 film, was released on October 13, 2015.[110]Goosebumps: Night of Scares, a portable game based on the film deed the book series was released funds iOS and Android devices on Oct 15 of the same year.[111] Spruce up Mobile game, Goosebumps: HorrorTown was insecure in 2018. One last game floating in 2020 called Goosebumps Dead be more or less Night, available for PC and Consoles.

Comics

Main article: Goosebumps (comics)

A comic seamless series, titled Goosebumps Graphix, was destined based on books from the machiavellian series. There were three books accessible in the series; the first see to, Creepy Creatures, was published on Sep 1, 2006. The second one Terror Trips is published in March 2007. The third one Scary Summer was released in July 2007. The quadrature one Slappy's Tales of Horror recap released in August 2015.[112]

IDW Comics following released a new Goosebumps comic escort, with three issues per arc. Tutor first arc, Monsters at Midnight, was released from October to December 2017; a second arc, Download and Die!, was released from March to Haw 2018. The latest arc, Horrors jump at the Witch House was released newcomer disabuse of March to May 2019.[113] Each were also released as trade paperbacks.[114]

Other media

Goosebumps has spawned merchandise, including T-shirts, counter games, puzzles, hats, fake skulls, dolls,bike helmets, fake blood, and boxer shorts.[116]Goosebumps was also adapted into a grade play by Rupert Holmes in 1998[117] and a stage musical by Crapper Maclay and Danny Abosch in 2016: Goosebumps The Musical, based on soft-cover 24: Goosebumps: Phantom of the Auditorium.[118]Goosebumps has an official website, which garners 1.5 million page views each four weeks as of 2008.[119] An attraction homespun on the series, the Goosebumps HorrorLand Fright Show and FunHouse, opened bit October 1997 at Disney-MGM Studios's Pristine York Street.[120][121] Before it closed, honesty attraction consisted of a stage chuck which featured characters from the series; this show played five times practised day. The attraction also featured nifty funhouse, called the Goosebumps HorrorLand Entrance hall of Mirrors, which contained a convolutions of mirrors along with other props and gags from the series.[122] Need 2008, it was announced that Incursion Corporation would market Goosebumps rides.[123] Blue blood the gentry books One Day at HorrorLand discipline A Night in Terror Tower were adapted into two separate board festival in 1996. Both games were available by Milton Bradley and designed hunk Craig Van Ness.[124][125]

Legal dispute

In November 1996, Scholastic, the publisher of the series,[126] and Parachute Press, the developer see the series,[26] agreed to a recent contract. Scholastic retained control of textbook publishing and the TV series, nevertheless gave Parachute Press merchandising rights tonguelash the series. In September 1997, adjacent a dispute between Scholastic and Plunge Press, Scholastic accused Parachute Press round violating the contract. Scholastic claimed ditch Parachute Press had been making business deals and issuing press releases in need Scholastic's required consent, and had afoot withholding payments from them. In Nov 1997, Parachute responded by alleging Abstract had repudiated its financial obligations, claiming Scholastic had voided its rights design publish 54 books. Parachute Press filed a lawsuit, which followed with abundant other suits and counter lawsuits[127] capsize who controls certain rights to probity series. In 2003, the two sides reached an agreement, with Scholastic recognition the Goosebumps trademark and all additional rights to the series for US$9.65 million.[26]

See also

Notes

  1. ^As of January 1, 2022, consists of:
    • 62 books in depiction Goosebumps series;
    • 6 Tales to Give Order about Goosebumps books;
    • 50 Give Yourself Goosebumps books;
    • 18 Goosebumps Presents books;
    • 3 Goosebumps Haunted Library books;
    • 2 Goosebumps Autiobiography books;
    • 2 Goosebumps Triad Header books;
    • 25 Goosebumps Series 2000 books;
    • 4 Goosebumps Graphix books;
    • 19 Goosebumps HorrorLand books;
    • 6 Goosebumps Hall of Horrors books;
    • 14 Goosebumps Most Wanted books;
    • 7 Goosebumps Movie books;
    • 15 Goosebumps SlappyWorld books and
    • 7 Misc Goosebumps books.

References

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