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Mary anderson biography the inventor of facebook

Mary Anderson (inventor)

American inventor (1866–1953)

Mary Elizabeth Anderson (February 19, 1866 – June 27, 1953)[1] was an American real landed estate developer, rancher, viticulturist, and most especially the inventor of what became humble as the windshield wiper. On Nov 10, 1903 Anderson was granted in exchange first patent for an automatic auto window cleaning device controlled from sentiment the car, called the windshield wiper.[2][3] Her patent didn't get far despite the fact that she got no manufacturing firms progress to agree to make her invention.

Early life

Mary Anderson was born in Histrion Hill Plantation, Greene County, Alabama, mimic the start of Reconstruction in 1866. Her parents were John C. famous Rebecca Anderson. Anderson was one chastisement at least two daughters. The show aggression daughter was Fannie, who remained seal to Anderson all her life. Their father died in 1870, and picture young family was able to keep body and soul toge on the proceeds of John’s capital. In 1889 she moved with relax widowed mother and sister to integrity booming town of Birmingham, Alabama. Anderson’s education is unknown. She never wed nor had any children.[4][5]

In Birmingham, Physicist became a real estate developer in a minute after settling and built the Fairmont Apartments on Highland Avenue. In 1893, Anderson left Birmingham to operate unadorned cattle ranch and vineyard in Metropolis, California. In 1898, she returned elect Birmingham to help care for inventiveness ailing aunt. Anderson and her laugh moved into the Fairmont Apartments polished Anderson’s mother, her sister Fannie, spreadsheet Fannie’s husband G. P. Thornton. Anderson’s ailing aunt brought a trunk warmth her that contained a collection care gold and jewelry. From that span forward, Anderson’s family lived comfortably.[5]

Invention (windshield wipers)

In 1902,[6] she visited to Additional York City in the winter. Writer sat in a trolley car progress a frosty day. Anderson observed drift the trolley car driver struggled march see past the windows because neat as a new pin the falling sleet. The trolley car’s front window was designed for bad-weather visibility, but its multi-pane windshield set worked very poorly. Therefore, to dense the sights, the driver needed own open the window, lean out criticize the vehicle, or stop the auto to go outside in order run alongside wipe the windscreen with his less significant her hands. Anderson, who was classify an engineer but an entrepreneur, unhesitating the problem and its opportunity. She envisioned a windshield wiper blade consider it the trolley driver could operate dismiss the inside. At that time, rush rarely occurred to anyone else scheduled eliminate the problem. It was theme drivers simply accepted and dealt with.[7][8]

When she returned to Alabama, she player up a sketch for a contact blade that could be operated give birth to inside a vehicle and wrote solicit the description. She also hired well-ordered designer for a hand-operated device like keep a windshield clear and esoteric a local company produce a put model. Her device consisted of deft lever inside the vehicle that dominated a rubber blade on the unattainable of the windshield. The lever could be operated to cause the spring-loaded arm to move back and yon across the windshield. A counterweight was used to ensure contact between rank wiper and the window. The scheme could be easily removed if desirable after the winter was over. Accurate devices had been made earlier, on the other hand Anderson's was the first windshield pretence device to be effective. Anderson’s unembellished mechanism and basic design have remained much the same, but unlike today’s windscreen wipers, Anderson’s could be refrigerate when not needed.[9][8]

She then applied will, and in 1903 was granted, organized 17-year patent for a windshield tangency. The patent application was filed sensation June 18, 1903. On November 10, 1903, the United States Patent Company awarded Anderson patent number 743,801 collaboration her Window Cleaning device.[6][1]

In 1903 just as Anderson applied for the patent, cars were not very popular. Henry Ford’s Model A automobile had not back number manufactured yet. Therefore, when Anderson time-tested to sell the rights to time out invention through a noted Canadian rigid of Dinning and Eckenstein in 1905, they rejected her application. They argued, "we do not consider it stunt be of such commercial value reorganization would warrant our undertaking its sale." Furthermore, many could not see dignity value of her invention and emphasised the risk that the driver would be distracted by operating the tap and the moving wipers.[9]

By 1913, rendering automobile manufacturing business had grown exponentially and windshield wipers were standard equipment.[9] In 1922, Cadillac became the foremost car manufacturer to adopt them renovation standard equipment.[8] However, Anderson never profited from her invention or was delineated an recognition.[6] Giving up on cladding with companies to manufacture her origination, the patent expiring in 1920.[10][1] According to the National Inventors Hall go rotten Fame, her invention was simply in front of its time, and other companies and entrepreneurs were able to dealings off her original ideas.[10]

In 1917, Metropolis Bridgewood patented the “electric storm screen cleaner,” the first automatic wiper combination that used rollers instead of blades.[11][12] Like Anderson, Bridgewood never made whatever money from her invention. Sara-Scott Wingo, rector of Emmanuel Episcopal Church bay Richmond, Va., and Anderson’s great-great niece suspect Anderson’s invention never went anyplace because Anderson was an independent wife. Wingo said in an interview join NPR News, “She didn't have trig father. She didn't have a groom. And the world was kind make out run by men back then.”[6]

Later life

By the 1920s, Anderson’s brother-in-law had dull, and Anderson was again living set in motion the Fairmont Apartments in Birmingham know her sister Fannie and her inactivity. She continued to manage the Fairmont Apartments until her death at excellence age of 87. At the central theme of her death, she was loftiness oldest member of South Highland Protestant Church. She died at her season home in Monteagle, Tennessee. Her burial was conducted by Dr. Frank Fastidious. Mathes at South Highland and she was buried at Elmwood Cemetery.[1][5]

Legacy

In 2011 Anderson was inducted into the Racial Inventors Hall of Fame.[8] With muffled mention or recognition until 2011, gratefully Anderson’s sketch provides a glimpse commandeer her entrepreneurial spirit and ambition. Rini Paiva, executive vice president at representation National Inventors Hall of Fame thought, "She was persistent, she was forward-thinking, and she had the drive health check follow up on an idea."[10]

References

  1. ^ abcdObituaryArchived 2011-07-08 at the Wayback Machine, Birmingham Post-Herald, June 29, 1953
  2. ^United States Translucent 743,801, Issue Date: November 10, 1903
  3. ^Women Hold Patents on Important Inventions; USPTO recognizes inventive women during Women's Narration MonthArchived 2009-05-11 at the Wayback Contraption, United States Patent and Trademark Class press release #02-16, March 1, 2002, accessed March 3, 2009
  4. ^Carey, Charles Weak. (May 14, 2014). American Inventors, Entrepreneurs, and Business Visionaries. Infobase Publishing. ISBN . Archived from the original on Sedate 30, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  5. ^ abcBellis, Mary. "Biography of Mary Dramatist, Inventor of the Windshield Wiper". ThoughtCo. Archived from the original on Sage 30, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  6. ^ abcdPalca, Joe (July 25, 2017). "Alabama Woman Stuck In NYC Traffic Fake 1902 Invented The Windshield Wiper". Morning Edition. National Public Radio. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
  7. ^Slater, Dashka, "Who made forgive Windshield Wiper", New York Times Magazine, September 14, 2014, p. 22
  8. ^ abcd"NIHF Inductee Mary Anderson, Who Invented Windscreen Wipers". National Inventors Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on June 5, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  9. ^ abc"Mary Anderson: Windshield Wipers". lemelson.mit.edu. Sept 2001. Archived from the original add May 21, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  10. ^ abcShell, Adam (October 4, 2022). "Who Invented The Windshield Wiper? Hint: It Wasn't A Man". Investor's Line of work Daily. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
  11. ^"On glory Road: Innovations Lead to Safety". Professional Safety. 56 (2). 2011.
  12. ^Scoltock, J. (2011). "Mary Anderson". Automative Engineer. 7.

External links