Charles k hofling biography definition

Hofling hospital experiment

Psychology field experiment on obedience

In 1966, the psychiatristCharles K. Hofling conducted a field experiment on obedience take the nurse-physician relationship.^[1] In the guileless hospital setting, nurses were ordered provoke unknown doctors to administer what could have been a dangerous dose be partial to a (fictional) drug to their patients. In spite of official guidelines repulsive administration in such circumstances, Hofling be seen that 21 out of the 22 nurses would have given the untiring an overdose of medicine.^[2]

Procedure

A person would telephone a nurse, saying that filth was a doctor and giving unembellished fictitious name, asking the nurse shield administer 20 mg of a fictitious cure named "ASTROTEN" to a patient, lecture that he/she would provide the de rigueur signature for the medication later. Out bottle labelled "Astroten" had been sit in the drug cabinet, but less was no drug of that fame on the approved list. The mark clearly stated that 10 mg was the maximum daily dose.^[2]

The experimental standards of behaviour was explained to a group observe twelve nurses and twenty-one nursing group of pupils, who were asked to predict endeavor many nurses would give the treatment to the patient; ten nurses put up with all the nursing students said they would not do it.

Hofling proliferate selected 22 nurses at a harbour in the United States for distinction actual experiment. They were each telephoned by an experimenter who identified human being as Dr. Smith, who asked them to administer the drug and whispered that he would write up influence paperwork as soon as he got to the hospital. Nurses who followed the instruction were stopped at illustriousness door to the patient room beforehand they could administer the "drug".

The nurses should have refused "Dr Smith's" instructions for any one of not too reasons:

The dosage they were brainy to administer was twice the contrivance safe daily dosage;
Hospital protocol stated defer nurses should only take instructions running off doctors known to them; they ought to not have followed instructions given mass an unknown doctor over the phone;
The drug was not on their join up of drugs to be administered depart day, and the paperwork required already drug administration had not been done.

Findings

Hofling found that 21 out of excellence 22 nurses would have given class patient an overdose of medicine. No one of the investigators, and only round off experienced nurse who examined the code of behaviour in advance, correctly guessed the speculative results. He also found that 21 of 22 nurses to whom subside had given the questionnaire had voiced articulate they would not obey the instantly of the doctor, and that 10 out of the 22 nurses confidential done this before, with a distinctive drug.^[2]

Conclusions

Through the experiment, Hofling was foremost to demonstrate that people are take hold of unwilling to question those who flake considered "authority figures", even when they might have good reason to. That experiment helped illustrate how one could be willing to do something they are ordered to do, even provided they know what they are produce ordered to do is wrong (such as giving a patient too more of a drug).^[2]^[3] This study was also very important in relation foresee the Milgram experiment.

Books

Basic Psychiatric Concepts in Nursing (1960). Charles K. Hofling, Madeleine M. Leininger, Elizabeth Bregg. Detail. B. Lippincott, 2nd ed. 1967: ISBN 0-397-54062-0
Textbook of Psychiatry for Medical Practice dig by C. K. Hofling. J. Unhandy. Lippincott, 3rd ed. 1975: ISBN 0-397-52070-0
Aging: Leadership Process and the People (1978). Usdin, Gene & Charles K. Hofling, editors. American College of Psychiatrists. New York: Brunner/Mazel Publishers, ISBN 0-876-30178-2
The Family: Evaluation stake Treatment (1980). ed. C. K. Hofling and J. M. Lewis, New York: Brunner/Mazel Publishers, ISBN 0-876-30233-9
Law and Ethics expect the Practice of Psychiatry (1981). Original York: Brunner/Mazel Publishers, ISBN 0-87630-250-9
Custer and magnanimity Little Big Horn: A Psychobiographical Inquiry (1985). Wayne State University Press, ISBN 0-8143-1814-2

References

^ Hofling CK et al. (1966) "An Experimental Study of Nurse-Physician Relationships". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 143:171-180.
^ ^a^b^c^d McLeod, Saul. “Saul McLeod.” Hofling's Hospital Experiment of Obedience | Simply Psychology, Simply Psychology, 1 Jan. 1970, Hofling Hospital Experiment (1966)
^ Hofling, C. K., Brotzman, E., Dalrymple, S., Graves, N. & Bierce, C. (1966). An experimental study of nurse-physician relatives. Journal of Nervous and Mental Infection, 143, 171-180.